Type

• Unfortunately, we have yet to find the perfect bedding to use with our hedgehogs. Almost every hedgehog owner and veterinarian has slightly different recommendations and opinions.
• Keep in mind no bedding manufacturer is going to label their product as inferior or dangerous to your pet. All bedding packages will say that particular bedding is healthy and safe.
• One needs to evaluate each type of bedding's benefits as well as its risks and problems. Factor's to take into consideration include: accessibility, toxicity, appearance, frequency of cleaning, and costs.
• The type of bedding you choose and use is one of the key factors in helping to determine the overall health and happiness of your pet.
• Most wood, paper, or other processed bedding can be dusty. Each brand will have different amounts of dust. Handling practices of the bags and use can affect the amounts of dust in individual bags.
• Fluffy beddings tend to stick to your hedgehog and make quite a mess on the floor and are hazardous to your vacuum!
• We suggest avoiding fragrant bedding or bedding that has added chemicals.
• A deep layer of bedding will provide room for you to scoop under your hedgehog and it will provide a burrowing opportunity for your pet.

Health Considerations

• Keep in mind some hedgehogs (and humans) are allergic to different types of bedding. If you notice a rash or skin irritation and you have eliminated mites as a source of the problem you may need to change the type of bedding you are using.
• Any bedding that you purchase can harbor mites. Mites can contaminate bedding at the source, at the distribution warehouse or at the pet store. A manufacturer can create a product that is mite free but it cannot control the environment from its facility to your home. It is always a good idea to inspect each new bag of bedding to make sure there is not contamination. One of our customers purchased a bag of quality bedding that was contaminated with mites when the bag was first opened. It never hurts to be too careful.
• If mites do become an issue, it may be worthwhile to switch to a different brand or different type of bedding from a different store until the problem is rectified.
• Hedgehogs are low to the ground so bedding can come in contact with their genital areas. You will need to monitor your hedgehog for signs of irritation or infection. Small particles can cling to these openings and cause urinary blockage.
• It would be a wise idea to check your hedgehog at least once daily to ensure there are no issues with the bedding.
• Dark colored bedding may disguise the true color of hedgie poop. Observing hedgie bowel movements is an important and simple way to monitor your hedgehog's health.
• Soft woods such as pine are common but contain a certain risk because of the chemical components in the wood. The only pine bedding considered safe for hedgehogs is kiln-dried pine.
• Hedgehogs have a tendency to taste new beddings as part of their inquisitive nature. A small bedding sample typically isn't harmful, but hedgehogs can develop bowel impactions from eating too much litter. It is difficult to determine exactly how much is too much but more than simple exploration would warrant removing the new bedding.

Use Recommendations

• Almost every brand and type of product will tell you THEY are the best. I have yet to see a product say they don't work well but try them anyway. You will have to decide what product is best for you.
• We suggest starting out with the same type of bedding that we use. The fewer changes for your hedgie in the beginning the better but once your hedgehog is acclimated to its new home it will accept changes much easier.
• We have seen young hedgehogs ingest copious amounts of new bedding simply for the sake of curiosity. This strange behavior is relatively rare but please be observant of your new pet. Remove your bedding immediately if you notice your hedgehog eating more than a sample "taste test". Hedgehogs use their mouth and noses to explore so it is natural for them to sample new bedding. Try introducing new bedding slowly to see how the hedgehog reacts.
• Hedgehogs enjoy rooting around in bedding. A two to three inch thick layer of bedding is recommended for many types of pelleted litter and shavings.
• Only the soiled portions of the litter need to be removed on a regular basis. How accurate your hedgehog is with the litter pan and the type of bedding you are using will determine how frequently you will need to clean. Cleaning frequency can be as often as daily spot cleans or monthly complete bedding exchanges.
• Deep bedding may seem wasteful but some bedding brands recommend it to improve the function of the litter and rooting is a good enrichment activity for your hedgehogs.
• Any type of wood and most processed paper products in the form of shavings or flakes can be dusty after they have had a chance to break down. Excessive dust in shavings can cause pets to sneeze or cause respiratory problems.
• A good rule of thumb for any bedding material is, if it has a noticeable odor, it probably isn't terribly safe.

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Cedar Shavings

• One doesn't have to search very hard to find numerous warnings and studies showing the dangers of using cedar for animal, reptile or bird bedding. NEVER use cedar shavings because they contain a toxin called Plicatic Acid and other aromatic (volatile) hydrocarbon or phenol compounds.
• These phenols are what give the shavings their scent and what repel fleas and moths but they are the same compounds that lead to numerous problems in small mammals.
• The use of cedar shavings can lead to respiratory illnesses, liver problems and some types of cancer.
• To our knowledge the only recommended use by veterinarians is for filler in dog beds.

Sawdust

Hay and straw

Garden soil and leaves

Gravel

All bedding should be properly cleaned and processed to remove the risk of mites and other parasites.

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The Pine Debate

Popularity

• Pine shavings and related products are by far the most common bedding material used in the pet industry.
• Pine shavings are easily accessible, are processed and packaged by numerous pet supply companies, and are sold at almost every store that carries pet products.
• They are inexpensive to purchase compared to almost all other forms of bedding.
• Pine shavings do a relatively good job of absorbing urine
• Most brands are comfortable for small and large animals alike.
• The comparative safety of use, the convenience and cost factors make it the top choice for many animal breeders and owners alike.

Toxicity

• Some veterinarian professionals and pet owners discourage the use pine shavings and their derivatives.
• In her article "Wood Bedding and the Danger of Phenols" Antigone Means states, "The problem [with pine and cedar] is a chemical called phenol that naturally occurs in these woods. It's what makes them smell so nice and acts as an effective bug repellent, but is dangerous to small animals.
• Pine shavings do not contain the harmful Plicatic Acid that cedar shavings have but they contain high levels of Abietic Acid when not heat cured which can cause similar problems after exposure.
• Necropsies on animals having respiratory distress from their bedding may also show liver distress, and fluid in the lungs. Pathogens are generally not seen.
• The quality of shavings varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. The size, shape, and texture of the chips play an important part in the effectiveness and safety of the product.
• Most bulk packages of shavings sold for livestock are not as meticulously dried and packaged as the smaller bags sold for smaller pets.
• Some shavings are dusty and they can make you and your pets sneeze or cause respiratory problems.
• Symptoms of respiratory disorders can be loss of appetite, wheezing, sneezing, loss of mobility, bright green stools and eventually death.

Options

• Many breeders do not have feasible sources for other bulk bedding than pine. When using pine shavings it is essential to make sure they are kiln dried.
• The hedgehog's cage will need to be well ventilated and frequently cleaned.
• Other types of shavings contain lower amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons and are less toxic.

Aspen Shavings

Pros

• Aspen shavings are relatively safe bedding material.
• It is relatively inexpensive and available at most pet retailers.
• Aspen is typically a better choice than other wood shavings.
• This form of bedding is often reported to be better for hedgehogs with skin sensitivities, but hedgehogs can have sensitivities to this bedding as well.

Cons

• Aspen is not as absorbent or as effective at odor control as many other bedding options.
• The texture is often course and rough, and is therefore not as comfortable for many pets as some of the other options.
• Some aspen is so rough that the wood is almost a spear-like splinter, which can injure hedgie eyes when they are curling into a ball.
• Large, flaky shavings are softer and ideal, but are extremely difficult to find.

Pelleted Wood Bedding

• Pelleted pine is fast becoming a bedding of choice. The benefits outweigh the negative aspects of the bedding when evaluated against effectiveness, accessibility, costs, and comfort.
• Pelleted 100% pine horse bedding or pelleted pine kitty litter is the best option for hedgehogs.
• There are different brands of wood pellets, and it is a good idea to evaluate the brands individually before use. Not all wood pellets are 100% pine and some may contain a blend of soft woods. Some types of wood can be irritating to your hedgehog.
• The popular horse bedding products are Equine Pine and Woody Pet http://www.planetwiseproducts.com Planetwise Products have several other versions of Equine Pine which are equally as good that may be found in your local pet store.
• Pestell also has a brand of pelleted pine that is only slightly different than Equine Fresh.

• Brands of pelleted kitty litter include but are not limited to: Gentle Touch, Feline Pine, and Cat Country (Critter Country) Organic Litter.
• Aspen pellets are another excellent option and are found in many pet stores. Aspen Supreme is a common brand of pelleted Aspen.
• It is important to note that hedgehogs have a tendency to eat things that are unfamiliar to them. To minimize this risk stick with the same type of bedding that the hedgehog has been using. For example, if your hedgehog was raised on pine use pine pellets. If your hedgehog was raised on aspen use aspen pellets. When pellets get wet they absorb the moisture which could cause intestinal blockage and death.
• A 4" crock will help keep the bedding out of the food.

Pros

• The biggest benefit of the wood pellets is that it draws the moisture out of feces eliminating much of the odor.
• It breaks down into a sawdust type material when it gets wet. The finer dust tends to settle to the bottom leaving the larger pellets on top.
• It is fairly easy to spot clean without cleaning the entire cage. Only the dirty areas need to be cleaned instead of an entire cage cleaning so it allows you to clean the cage less frequently than some of the other types of bedding.
• Another big benefit is that this bedding does not stick to your hedgehog the way shavings do so you don't have bedding all over the floor around your hedgehog's cage.

Cons

• Should the hedgehog eat a significant amount of the bedding, it can cause very serious problems such as intestinal blockages.
• It may become a little dusty if a majority of the pellets are broken down.
• Again, since this is a wood product there is some concern about toxins within the wood.

Cozy Critter Super Shavings

• Made by the maker of CareFRESH.
• A Super Low Aromatic Blend of Hemlock, Spruce, and Fir Shavings.
• The following are claims made by Absorption Corp from 3rd Party Independent Lab testing:
  • Super Shaving's absorbs 9 times faster than Hemp and absorbs 57% more liquid than Aspen.
  • What it means for small animals is that it is the best shaving available for absorbing liquids faster and for superior odor control, wicking away moisture, keeping pets dry with less frequent bedding changes.
  • The special blend of Kiln Dried Hemlock, Spruce and Fir has 89% less extractives of aromatic & resin compounds found in Pine and 79% less than Aspen.
  • A lower aromatic shaving gives small pets a healthy environment while minimizing potential health risks associated with aromatic & harmful resin compounds.

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Pelleted Newspaper Products

• Pelleted newspaper products are generally made from recycled newspaper.
• Purina's Yesterday's News is a popular pelleted kitty or ferret litter.
• Second Nature Dog Litter is similar to Yesterdays News except cheaper. It is reported to work well at controlling smell but we do not have personal experience with this product.
• One must take care to ensure that the hedgehog does not ingest this product. It will expand and swell and could seriously harm or kill your pet.

Pros

• They have little odor and are generally the size and shape of rabbit pellets.

Cons

• The dark gray color of this product may make the cage look dirty or disguise abnormal hedgie poop.
• The gray can also "rub off" onto the hedgehog making them look very grungy. It is not too bad on a standard, but it is very noticeable on an albino. It can also make their white fur a grayish color. (Belval).

Fluffy Paper Products

Pros

• Some products like Care Fresh are made out of 100% wood pulp and are light and fluffy.
• It is very absorbent and doesn't disintegrate when wet.
• We have had some reports that it is virtually dust free as well as conflicting reports that it is very dusty. We have found it to be just slightly dusty and the amount of dust depends on handling and burrowing of the animal.
• Several colors and varieties are available.
• Many veterinarians recommend Care Fresh Ultra.

Cons

• The traditional gray color is not very attractive and may make the cage look dirty or disguise abnormal hedgie poop.
• We have found for best odor control and appearance cages should be cleaned twice a day.
• There is a risk of the hedgehog ingesting this material with food or out of hedgehog curiosity. Some hedgehogs have been reported to have died from eating this bedding.
• Paper swells when wet and can cause an intestinal blockage.
• This product is so lightweight that it may be kicked out of wire cages. It is clingy and can be difficult for a vacuum cleaner to sweep up.
• Some reports have claimed that young hedgehogs have eaten and choked on Care Fresh. If you choose to use this bedding the best suggestion may be to keep it away from the food area, and to be cautious with baby and adolescent hedgehogs.

Cell-Sorb Plus

Pros

• Cell-Sorb-Plus is a SAFE GREEN PRODUCT. Cell-Sorb Plus is heat treated and made with recycled paper and a non-toxic, patented, neutralizing chemical (gypsum). There are no enzymes or biocides in the paper bedding to control odor. The ink in the paper is soybean based. (http://www.cell-sorb-plus.com).
• The pieces are about 1/2" long and are quite chunky and heavy so they are heavier than Care Fresh, but flakier and softer than a pelleted product.
• It is virtually dust free but the pieces can crumble.
• The manufacturer claims it completely eliminates ammonia levels for up to 3 weeks. Cell-Sorb Plus is 400% more absorbent than wood shavings. It absorbs urine, neutralizes urine odor, and allows the liquid to evaporate. It even pulls the moisture out and dries the feces. (http://www.cell-sorb-plus.com).
• According to the manufacturer, it is more economical to use than wood shavings. You don't have to change it as often so you use less and you have less to dispose of. Also, it can be flushed (in moderate quantities). . (http://www.cell-sorb-plus.com).
• Cell-Sorb Plus is environmentally friendly because it is biodegradable and can be used as a landscaping fertilizer and soil conditioner. (http://www.cell-sorb-plus.com).

Cons

• The dark gray color of this product may make the cage look dirty or disguise abnormal hedgie poop.
• The gray can also "rub off" onto the hedgehog, making them look very grungy. It is not too bad on a standard, but it is very noticeable on an albino. It can also make their white fur a grayish color. (Belval).
• It may be hard to find.
• We found that our cages needed to be cleaned more frequently when compared to pelleted pine.
• Hedgehogs exposed to this bedding for the first time may ingest bedding which could cause an impaction and subsequent death. Always remove any bedding a hedgehog is ingesting.

Newsprint

Plain, unprinted newsprint can be used in sheets to line the bottom of the cage.

Pros

• Most newspapers will give away or sell very cheaply the paper at the end of their newsprint rolls.
• Newsprint is excellent for viewing sick or ailing hedgie poop. (Belval).
• It is good for people or hedgehogs with allergies (Belval).
• This type of bedding generally does not stick to hedgehogs with wounds or sores like other bedding options.

Cons

• They cannot burrow and most will try to get under the newsprint, which leads to overturning food bowls and feces/urine directly on the cage floor (Belval).
• The smooth surface will also allow for cage "remodeling".
• Daily changing of the liner and possible disinfecting of the cage may be required.
• Some hedgehogs like to eat paper, and if this is the case with your hedgehog, another option will need to be found.
• Your hedgehog may also track feces and urine all over the cage and furnishings because of the smooth surface of the paper.

AirLite Critter Chips

• Critter Chips is AirLite's small pet bedding. It is "double cut" to produce a smaller sized, randomly shaped chip. Virtually dust-free and very absorbent, all their bedding products absorb up to three times their weight in water.
• Low-dust environments reduce the likelihood of wood-dust induced respiratory irritations and allergies, in both the animal and caretaker.
• All AirLite's products are produced with recycled cardboard. They proudly pursue adding to the environment by recycling, composting and other means rather than encroaching on nature's habitat.
• Critter Chips are a great bedding for a wide assortment of small and medium size animals including but not limited to: birds, cats, dogs rodents, cavies, ferrets and pot-bellied pigs.
• Packaging: 7.3 Liter (1.75 lb) Bag 26 Liter (1 cu ft) Bag 30 lb, 7 cu ft (shop) Bag
• The above information was taken from their website www.airliteusa.com
• At this time we have not been able to try this product for ourselves.

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Advantages of Using Fabric Cage Lingers

• Various types of fabric are good options for people with allergies or hedgehogs with bedding sensitivities.
• Many owners like the fact that fabric bedding is recyclable and stores easily.
• Fabric is less likely to harbor mites than other products.
• There are no wood splinters, dust, or small pieces to get on the floor.
• Light colored lines are great for monitoring a sick hedgehog's output.
• The liners are very soft and provide the hedgehog with comfortable, and visually appealing running surface. http://wiki.hedgehogcentral.com/tiki-index.php?page=bedding 1/24/11

Disadvantages of Using Fabric Cage Lingers

Initial Start-Up Cost

• Quality lines may be hand made or purchased from liner dealers and have a higher start-up cost than traditional bedding.
• The best liners have multiple layers which further increases the start up cost.

Loose Threads

• One must be diligent to watch for any loose threads that can wrap around toes or feet. Beth Ann Breitweiser, DVM, at All Wild Things Exotic Animal Hospital in Indianapolis, IN, spoke to me at length about the dangers of loose threads and small fibers from fabric. A small fiber or thread can cause permanent damage to a toe or foot in less than six hours. She has amputated many toes and feet at her practice due to this type of injury.
• Be careful with woven or knit materials. Toenails can catch in the small loops of a knit or between a weave and rip or injure the hedgehog's toes.
• Always check handmade items for loose threads at the seams and all bedding for holes or other potential dangers.

Absorbency

• Fabric cage liners may not be a good idea for hedgies who are not litter box trained.
• You need to have several liners on hand as they need to be changed daily if not multiple times per day to keep odor at a minimum.
• Some fabrics such as fleece or vellux are made from finely spun plastic so they do not absorb moisture and liquids and feces will pool on the surface.
• Fabric softeners may repel moisture decreasing the absorbency of the material.

Liner Shuffling

• The relatively smooth surface may allow for accessories to slide and be tipped by your hedgehog.
• Hedgehogs do enjoy burrowing so they may decide to sleep and play under the liner, making quite a disaster of their entire cage. While this isn't harmful for the hedgehog it can be quite irritating to owners who like a tidy looking cage.
• The hedgehog's urine and feces may pool or puddle directly on the cage if the hedgehog has shuffled the liner out of position.

Care and Use Suggestions

• Hedgehogs have a very good sense of smell and so fabric softeners may irritate your hedgehog. What smells good to us as humans may be overwhelming to your hedgehog.
• Some hedgehog owners choose to wash their hedgie laundry with Dreft or other detergent for sensitive skin just to be on the safe side and to reduce the possibility of fragrance irritations.
• You will want to provide your hedgie extra pieces of material to burrow under or snuggle in so that the hedgie doesn't burrow under the fabric cage liner.
• Lightweight accessories may need to be anchored to the bedding with Velcro.
• One way to keep bedding in place in cages that have a wire top is to cut a piece of fleece or fabric much larger than the base of the cage. The fabric can be draped down over the sides of the cage and held in place with the cage top.
• We suggest using light colors of fabric so that you can detect changes in urine and stool color or consistency that darker fabric colors may hide.
• Bleach will break down the fabric so other antibacterial cleaning methods should be explored.

Types of Fabric

Vellux

• Many hedgehog hobbyists prefer to use Vellux blankets (found in the bedding section of Wal-Mart or similar store) in the bottom of hedgie cages as an alternative to bedding.
• One vellux blanket can be cut into several small pieces to fit the size of the hedgehog's cage.
• The blanket pieces can be changed every two to three days, washed, and reused.
• Vellux will generally hold its shape for many washings, will not unravel, and will hold up to hedgies scratching it longer than some other options.
• Do not use bleach on vellux because it can break down the blanket fibers.
• Urine does tend to "puddle" on the surface rather than soak in to the fabric.
• We found the following information to be helpful: http://www.angelfire.com/wa2/comemeetmyfamily/CaringForYourHedgehog.html 1/24/11
  • The downside to using vellux is that many hedgies have been known to chew it up and digest the foamy material. My Emma was a perfect example of this. She was lucky and passed it all on her own. Others have developed blockages and required surgery to repair the problem. Although vellux is a wonderfully warm and versatile material, I will no longer endorse its use to anyone. It just can be too risky and there are other options available.

Fleece

• Fleece is relatively inexpensive and can be found most places where fabric is sold.
• The anti-pill varieties may last longer and wear better than traditional fleece.
• Keep in mind that fleece is made from spun plastic. Plastic does NOT absorb liquid so feces and urine will puddle on top until they air dry.
• Do not bleach because it may cause break down of the material. Follow manufacturer suggested washing instructions.

Crib Liners

• These thick pads are found in the baby section of many department stores.
• They are excellent options for families who no longer need them.

Ready Made Cage Liners

• They are made to order to fit your cage and come in a variety of colors and patterns
• While the initial cost can be high, the upkeep is minimal.
• Keep in mind that darker colors won't show variations in feces or urine so lighter colors may be the best bet.
• You can do a Google search, but here are two that I asked for permission to use their links and they were happy to oblige: http://www.freewebs.com/hedgiedelight and http://www.freewebs.com/thehedgieden

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Corncob Bedding

• Corn cob is relatively inexpensive but care must be taken to keep the cage clean and dry.
• Corncob bedding has a tendency to retain liquids and it molds very quickly. Many molds are respiratory toxins. Frequent cleaning can decrease the potential of this problem.
• The corncob can stick to the genitalia of male hedgehogs.
• It can get caught in the penile sheath and be dragged (drawn) up inside, and cause great irritation, raw sores, infection and an inability to urinate, which if not addressed promptly can be fatal.

Pelleted Straw or What Grasses

• Oxbow Hay's Eco-Straw is made out of 100% wheat straw.
• Critter Country is made from Western Red Winter Wheat Grass and several other fibers.
• Critter Country is safe if ingested, as it contains NO chemicals or additives that could be harmful.
• These products are highly absorbent, relatively dust free, and are heat treated to eliminate mites and other pests.
• Both are biodegradable and can be composted or flushed down the toilet.
• Veterinarians highly recommended these products over wood pellets based on the qualities mentioned above.
• Mountain Meadows Pet Products, Inc. http://www.mtnmeadowspet.com/ was gracious enough to allow us to try Critter Country. We were very happy with this product but cages did need to be cleaned more frequently than with pelleted pine.
• Since we are maintaining multiple animals this product is not a feasible option for us but we highly recommend it for pet use.

Astroturf

• Some customers have had success using this indoor/outdoor carpet as a cage liner.
• These liners can be easily cleaned but this type of bedding works best with pets that are litter box trained.
• Be sure you are using the newer, soft carpet-like Astroturf, not the "plastic grass" type. (hedgehogfaq)
• One must be very careful that the edges don't ravel. Loose strings can easily wrap around a leg and cut off circulation.
• You can use a soldering gun or iron to melt the edges. It should help to stop unraveling of the edges, unless your hedgehog is a determined chewer! (hedgehogfaq)
• Precut liners are also available in reptile sections of most pet stores or supply catalogs. These are usually made for aquarium dimensions though so you may need to purchase several to completely cover your cage.

Disposable cage liners

• Pooch pads that are used for housebreaking puppies are designed to combat odor and germs.
• Chux are human bed liners and can be found at home health care stores.
• These products are wonderful for sick or injured animals.

Rabbit Pellets

• Tortoise, bearded dragon, and other herp (reptile and amphibian) owners frequently use rabbit or guinea pig pellets as bedding. The trend has carried over to other pet owners
• If the hedgehog should eat the pellets there is less chance of impaction than with other bedding.
• Soiled bedding is great compost and environmentally friendly.
• Bedding MUST be kept dry because mold, mildew, and bacteria can become a dangerous problem with damp or wet bedding.

Sani Chips

• This confetti like products is commonly used in laboratories.
• This is a high quality product, but it is also more expensive than other bedding options.
• You can call 1-800-881-1930

Kitty Litter

Some owners use clay litters. Do not use the ones with odor control "crystals" or chemical additives.

Pros

• Cheap depending on brand
• Absorbent of urine and can keep odor to a minimum.
• Some hedgehogs may enjoy digging in it.
• Readily available

Cons

• Possible intestinal impaction
• Some brands/types are dusty, which can be irritating to respiratory system
• Chemical Additives are commonly used and must be watched for.
• Irritation to a male hedgehog's genitals.
• Uncomfortable – may not be the best choice for sleeping comfortably
• Clumping Litter - Especially bad for sticking to genital areas and therefore should not be used.

If your hedgehog should get any litter stuck to their body or genital area, you can let them walk around in some shallow, warm water to soften the litter enough to remove it gently.

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• A clean cage is essential to health and well being of your pet.
• The general rule of thumb is that if the cages stinks to you it is going to smell a whole lot worse to your pet.
• We do not recommend the use of perfumes or deodorizers because they can encourage us to be more lax in cage cleaning.
• Dirty cages can cause respiratory and skin infections for your hedgehog. Our rule of thumb is that if the cage smells bad to use it probably smells really bad to our hedgies!
• The average hedgehog cages needs thoroughly cleaned once a week but spot cleaning may extend the life of the bedding.
• Different types of bedding have different absorbency levels so your cage may need cleaned more of less frequently depending on the size and general messiness of your hedgehog.
• Please refer to our Hedgehog Cage guide for more cleaning information.

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Dust Bath and Sand Box Dilemma

• Hedgehog enthusiasts sometimes wonder whether or not a hedgehog actually needs a dust bath.
• Many hedgehogs have been observed dust bathing in a variety of "dusty" things including spilled chinchilla dust, broken down pelleted litter, and litter in litter pans.
• Dust bathing is a natural behavior for many types of animals both large (our horse and donkeys) and small (chinchillas and small rodents). These animals use rolling in dust as a way of bathing in a dry environment.
• While researching this topic more we've found a mixed review of opinions both for and against dust bathing.

Positive Reviews

• Most hedgehog owners only provide a traditional bath to clean a dirty pet hedgehog but in addition to the fun of a dust bath there may be some benefits.
• HedgeMom posted on Hedgehog Central that she has many hedgehogs that seek out and play in spilled chinchilla dust.
• Ifc claims "My guy LOVES his dust bath; when I let him out of his cage for a run its the first place he goes, often even before he checks out the treats bowl. He looks positively blissful as he rolls and wallows. I think dust baths are more in keeping with hedgehog behavior in the wild. There dusting conditions the coat and deters mites. Greebly has never needed a water bath (which, considering his opinion of any water not in his water dish, is a good thing) and since starting dust baths problems with poopy feet are greatly reduced."

Words of Caution

• Ifc states: "The drawback to dust bathing is that it is not for fastidious housekeepers. Chinchilla dusting sand gets kicked and tracked everywhere. I think a dust bath designed for chinchillas would have too big a door, which would increase dust disbursal." To remedy this situation Ifc "[sits] the dust bath on a big piece of felty material [synthetic car wash cloth actually] which acts like a doormat to help catch tracked-out sand, and the whole thing is under a chair so I don't accidently bump it [which has happened and the mess is not fun]."
• There are some possible risks associated with dust baths, which include males getting dust in their genital area. As with every play activity it is always wise to keep an eye out for any problem.
• On occasion new hedgehog owners are surprised to find that their hedgehog prefers to dust bathe in their litter pan instead of using it for its intended purpose!

Sand Boxes

• Some hedgehogs love to dig and fling in sand to look for hidden treats. After all, this is a completely natural thing for your hedgehog to do in the wild.
• Reptile sand is a popular substrate as it is used for animals that frequently ingest their bedding while eating. One must be cautious when using commercial grade or beach sand that can harbor fleas and bacteria.

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• Heat emitters are possibly the best option as a direct heat source.
• The benefit of the ceramic bulbs compared to traditional heat bulbs is that they do not emit light (only heat) therefore they produce more heat per watt than a traditional heat lamp.
• Heat lamps with a light are less than ideal for nocturnal animals, as the light will affect their sleep pattern.
• Heat emitters last a lot longer than traditional heat bulbs.
• The ceramic heat emitters must be used with the ceramic clamp lamp rated for the appropriate wattage. A traditional metal heat lamp holder is not sufficient.
• Please be very careful when getting your hedgehog out of its cage. The base shown does NOT have a protective shield. Surface burns will result from touching the hot emitter.
• The 150W heat emitter is the best value and has the most flexibility with use when using a wire cage. The lamp can be raised or lowered to increase or decrease the heat. Wire cages require more heat because the heat is not confined as compared to an aquarium with the same dimensions.
• Base clamps with dimmers also allow a more flexibility and control over heat than traditional base clamps.
• The information below was taken directly from Fluker's website.

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Hide-Outs

• Hedgehogs sleep in burrows or other dark places in the wild. Almost every small animal will find a warm, cozy place to sleep and hide both to stay warm, and avoid predators.
• We feel it is beneficial for the hedgehog's well being to have a warm and comfortable place to sleep.
• Hideouts should have an entrance and an exit (tunnel) or it should be large enough for the hedgie to turn around. Hedgehogs usually turn around rather than back out of a tight spot.

Sleeping bags

• Fleece sleeping bags are warm and snuggly and most hedgehogs enjoy them.
• Our sleeping bags have a stiffener in the top so the bag remains slightly open which allows the hedgehog easy access inside.
• It is a good idea to have multiple bags because, more than likely, the hedgie bag will get dirty and need to be washed. Dirty bags may also become a breeding ground for bacteria. Remember to wash the bags in a mild detergent and do not use any fabric softeners. The fragrance can be overwhelming to a hedgehog snuggled in such a small place.
• Some hedgehogs might prefer to sleep under or on the sleeping bags instead of inside, but as long as the hedgehog is happy, the bag is a useful accessory and serves it purpose.
• Remember to always check for loose threads or damaged fabric because a loose thread can easily wrap around a leg and cut off circulation and may result in the amputation of a leg.
• A sleeping bag also works very well to carry your hedgie around in and hold them while watching television or reading a book.

Igloos

• Igloos made from hard plastic are another great cage addition. The cave like structure allows the hedgehog to feel safe and hidden.
• Plastic igloos are easy to clean and sanitize.
• Getting a hedgehog out of an enclosed igloo might be a little tricky. A good tip to allow easy access to your hedgehog is to put the sleeping bag inside the igloo, so that you can pull out the sleeping bag (with the hedgehog inside) when you want to take the hedgehog out.
• If your enclosure does not have a roof, watch your placement of the igloo in the cage. Some hedgehogs have been known to use the roof as a launch pad out of the cage.

Sleeping Bags in Igloos

• Some hedgehogs will drag their sleeping bags into their igloos for an extra cozy sleeping spot.
• The sleeping bag inside the igloo will provide burrowing opportunities for your hedgie or it will make a soft, warm bed if your hedgehog chooses to sleep on top of the bag.

Hedgie Hats

• This particular version of the hedgie hat is a special creation by Beach Bum Hedgehogs.
• Hedgie hats provide a very cozy hiding and resting place.
• They are completely hidden when underneath and it provides a very dark sleeping space during the daylight hours.
• Hedgehogs simply use their little nose to lift the edge of the hat and scurry underneath.
• As with sacks, hats must be washed on a regular basis so that bacteria cannot build up. Only use a mild detergent, no fabric softener. Check for loose threads regularly.
• Hats can double as a bonding tool/snuggle sack. Simply turn them over and carry your hedgehog around in them.
• The vellux material on the inside of the hat works great inside of cages with a wood shaving substrate. The shavings do not stick to the vellux like it does fleece.
• This is a great choice for a hidey spot inside of a cage.

Shoe Boxes or Other Cardboard

• One of the simplest hedgie hideouts is an old shoe box with a door cut in one end.
• Some hedgehogs love the smell of leather so nothing could be more wonderful for these hedgies than a house that smells like new shoes!
• A disadvantage to these boxes is that they are not easily cleaned and their flat top might become their potty spot. The flat box top can also give your hedgie just enough of a boost to make an escape.
• Be prepared to dispose of soiled cardboard.

PVC Pipes

• Large diameter PVC pipes can be purchased at most hardware stores.
• You should thoroughly wash each piece and make sure that there are no sharp edges on the pipe.
• They can be easily cleaned and you can connect several pieces to make a lengthy tunnel.
• The biggest disadvantage of PVC pipes is that it is difficult to get your hedgehog out of them without "dumping" them. Some hedgehogs may not be too upset about dumping, but I know I certainly wouldn't appreciate being dumped out of my bed!
• Some hedgehogs may come out when they hear your voice (usually as a conditioned response connected with treats) but most will NOT come when called.
• Most PVC pipes are not large enough to allow your hand to slip inside to lift the hedgehog out.

Wood Boxes, Log Houses or Huts

• There are several very cute wooden huts and boxes available for pets.
• Hedgehogs will not chew on the wood, but it is likely they will poop on it at some point.
• Wood products are not easy to clean and sanitize and should therefore be considered disposable.
• Contaminated wood can harbor bacteria that can make your hedgehog sick.

Clay Flower Pots

• Clay Flower Pots are cheap and are easily replaced if they should crack, chip or break.
• They are fairly easy to clean
• The texture of the flowerpot helps to wear down your hedgehogs' nails.
• You can purchase various sizes and shapes
• Be sure that the flowerpot is secure on its side or unable to tip and fall onto your hedgehog or trap it within the flowerpot.
• Plastic flowerpots can also be used as a hide, but without the advantage of wearing down the nails.
• These are also lightweight and may be tossed and moved about the cage or used as a climbing aid to escape their cage.

Other "hiding" accessories include:

• One gallon ice cream buckets
• New paint buckets (you can find these at hardware and paint supply stores)
• Large clean coffee cans (you can leave the lid on and cut a hole in it for your hedgie to climb in and out)
• Get inventive! As long as the object is clean, free of sharp edges and anything that could entrap your hedgie, and is easily cleaned or disposable, give it a try!

Other Burrowing Options

• Make sure that there are no frayed edges, and that the hedgehog cannot get a foot tangled in the material (e.g. terrycloth, pieces of a t-shirt or towel would be a BAD choice).
• Polar fleece is relatively cheap and can be cut into big squares.
• Vellux has mixed reviews as a good burrowing material so we personally would avoid it.
• Be sure to remove soiled fabric when necessary.

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What You Will Need

 

• ½ Roll of Bounty Big, Jumbo or
• Other mid-size Bounty Roll Paper Towels

• 1 Container (we use Rubbermaid 3qt #6) or
• Dollar General's Sun Oxygen Cleaner bucket or a large ice cream bucket

• 2 cups of disinfecting solution

• Cut a roll of Jumbo Roll Bounty in half with a straight edged knife or electric knife.
• Pull out center cardboard tube. It is important that you use the right size Bounty Towels.
• Other brands of paper towels just do not hold up with the moisture.
• The Basic does not soak up all the water and the Mega is too thick and needs additional water.

• Dilute Solution as directed on Bottle = 2 tablespoon (1 ounce) per gallon of water
• *We add 2 extra tablespoons of Chlorhexidine per gallon when making wipes
• *We recommend mixing one gallon at a time. Extra can be used for cleaning.

• Pour half your water mixture into your container, add towels, and then pour other half of mixture over top. Put the lid on the top and let it sit for at least 20 minutes for the water to absorb through the towels evenly.

• Chlorhexidine is Available at our shop for $10 for a 16 ounce bottle!

• 1 bottle makes 8 double strength gallons which is $1.25 per gallon
• 1 gallon makes 8 (double strength) batches of wipes which is $.16 per gallon
• If you can get your roll of paper towels for $1.00 (should be cheaper if you buy in bulk) that is $.50 per batch of wipes
• Total cost per batch $.66 or cheaper!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• We buy the Select a Size version so you get 180 wipes for $.66!!!!!

• We use the wipes to clean up after all forms of body excretions as well as to clean the bathroom etc.
• We've never tested bacterial.efficacy but it has to be better than soap and water

Basic Information about Chlorhexidine

• Chlorhexidine is a non toxic, non-irritating cleaning solution.
• It is used in hospitals, dental clinics, veterinary offices and even at some Goodwill stores!
• Chlorhexidine can be found in oral rinse solutions, wipes for elderly skin care, and other products in human and animal health care.
• Veterinarians have prescribed versions both orally and topically.
• A quick Google search will help you find lots of specific information about Chlorhexidine and it's many uses.

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Litter Pan Potential

• Litter pans are a great accessory to any cage as it is well worth your effort to try and litter train your hedgie.
• A litter trained hedgehog will save you cage cleaning time, decrease the amount of bedding needed, and increase the freedom you have with your pet.
• Litter trained hedgehogs are obviously much more suited to "free-roaming" in their own room or in an area of your home or apartment.

Probability of Use

• I once heard that it was a "Crap Shoot" whether or not your hedgehog would use the litter pan. I tend to agree!!
• Some hedgehogs take to the litter pan and use it right away with little or no coaxing.
• Others refuse to use their litter pan despite any attempts on your part to try to teach your hedgehog the purpose of the litter pan.
• One former customer emailed us and told us that their hedgehog suddenly started using the litter pan when it was two years old. Better late than never!
• Some hedgehogs prefer to use their litter pan as a sand or dust bath rather than to use for elimination. Dust bathing is harmless and is simply a natural thing for a hedgie to do.
• Another customer emailed us and told us that their hedgie was careful to potty on one side of the litter pan and dust bathe in the other.
• Your litter training success will depend partly on your patience and persistence and partly on their personality.

Placement and Style

• The litter pan should have an entrance low enough for the hedgehog to easily climb in, and should be large enough for the hedgehog to climb in and turn around.
• We prefer ferret corner litter pans because they are high on the sides and back and low in the front. They also take up less cage space than other styles.
• Position the litter pan as far away as possible from the food dish, or place the litter pan wherever the hedgehog chooses to use the bathroom. Most healthy, caged animals do not eliminate where they eat or sleep provided their cage is large enough to accommodate separate areas.
• Placing the litter pan in a favored potty area is the simplest and quickest method for success.One customer told us that their hedgehog decided to use the igloo as a litter box. So, she put litter in the igloo and has had success ever since. I guess some hedgehogs just like to potty in private!
• Another option would be to invert an appropriately sized cardboard box (or modify one to your needs), and cut an entrance in it to go over the litter pan. Your hedgehog may prefer to do his "duty" in private.

Substrate

• Some breeders do recommend using the same bedding in the cage and litter pan, but we suggest using a different substrate in the litter pan than what is used in the rest of the cage.
• Non-clumping, clay kitty litter is a relatively popular substrate for litter pans; however, some hedgehog enthusiasts recommend against using any clay litters for fear the dust can cause respiratory illnesses.
• Clumping kitty litter should be avoided because it can stick to the delicate areas of your hedgehog.
• As described by Plombom, clumping litter can cause "blockage of poop and urine, and in the case of male hedgehogs, [get] pulled up into the penile sheath, where [it] can trap the penis, block urine, cause sores and infections, and be deadly if not removed".
• Some people prefer dust-free litter, but it is not absolutely necessary.
• Refer to the Bedding Guides for more substrate ideas.
• Another suggested way to start is to use the pelleted pine in the litter pan and use a puppy pad or cage liner on the rest of the cage.
• Ultimately, you will have to figure out what works best for your hedgehog.

Special Litter Substrate

Amy Hood at http://www.hoodpetz.com/ has had great success using Critter Litter made by Super Pet.

• This is what Superpet says on their web site.

When to Start

• Ideally, you should start training your hedgehog as soon as you get it home. The younger you start training, the more likely you are to succeed.
• We suggest leaving the wheel out of the cage the hedgehog's first few days in its new home. This will help the hedgehog establish a routine before it becomes a wheel-a-holic and starts to use the wheel as a litter pan.

Watch for Signs

• You may be able to observe certain clues that your hedgehog is getting ready to potty. As soon as you see these signs you will want to hurry and put your hedgehog in the litter pan.
• Most hedgehogs will need to relieve themselves shortly after waking up. According to Jennifer Plombom, "when your hedgehog is first awakened, their metabolism gears up, and peristalsis and muscle action increase – thus bowels and bladder start to do their jobs of elimination".
• Watch for signs that they are going to begin to eliminate and then place them in their litter pan. When your hedgehog stops moving and points its tail up – get ready.
• Just after eating is another good time to watch for signs that your hedgehog should be placed in the litter pan.

Training

• Not all hedgehogs instantly use the litter pan, but don't give up. With a little coaching on your part it may be persuaded.
• Place droppings inside the pan to help clue in the hedgehog where it should go. Litter box training hedgehogs is very similar to cats.
• Some hedgehogs start using the litter pan on their own even after months of no interest.
• If you see your hedgehog using the litter pan, it may be a good idea to reward the behavior with a favorite treat.
• Once your hedgehog has achieved using the litter pan successfully it may be beneficial to seed freshly cleaned litter pans with some dry excrement as a reminder to your hedgehog where it should go.

Accuracy

• Very few hedgehogs are going to be accurate 100% of the time.
• When your hedgehog misses, move it to the litter pan.
• Some hedgehogs make a total mess of their wheels while other hedgehogs are considerate enough to stop and get off the wheel or hang their rear off the wheel before doing their business.
• Check out our Messy Wheel article for lots more tips.
• Unfortunately, there is no foolproof way to guarantee litter pan accuracy. Patience, persistence, time, and a little luck may lead you and your hedgehog to successful litter pan training!

Eliminating in Sleeping Areas

• It is very unusual for hedgehogs to eliminate in their sleeping areas.
• Most animals prefer to leave their smell as far as possible where they are sleeping.
• Hedgehogs that do use their sleeping area as a litter pan may either need a smaller area to sleep or a litter substrate put in the sleeping/elimination area and a new sleeping area created.

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Environmental Enrichment

• Wild and free ranging animals have lots of natural stimulation.
• Numerous studies have shown that animals in zoos, animal parks, labs and private homes benefit from environmental enrichment.
• Stimulation sparks activity that is essential to animal health and well being.
• Healthy, happy, active animals (and humans) tend to live longer and have more fulfilling lives.
• It is up to hedgehog caretakers to provide a variety of cage items to enrich the life of your pet by providing a variety of experiences, which prevent boredom and stimulate activity.

Wheels

• Wheels are one of the most important toys and environmental enrichment accessories that you can provide your pet hedgehog.
• Wheels provide much needed exercise and hours of entertainment.
• Please refer to our article dedicated specifically to wheels.

Critter Exercise Balls

• Hedgehogs love to explore their environment. Unfortunately, they have a propensity for finding places where they are not supposed to go including under furniture and appliances.
• A large 12" Critter Ball is a relatively safe way for hedgehogs to explore their surroundings. Most owners prefer the clear balls rather than the colored balls. It is hard to say what the hedgie prefers!
• The best way to introduce a hedgehog to the ball is to prop it in its cage so he/she can go into and out of the ball at will. Once your hedgehog is comfortable with a stationary ball, a rolling ball won't be quite so scary.
• One MUST be cautious of stairs and other pets to ensure the hedgehog's safety.
• It is also a good idea to be familiar with your hedgehog's potty habits. Allow your hedgehog to do its business before placing it in the ball. If your hedgehog pees or poops in the ball take it out immediately.
• Superpet makes a Hamtrac that will accommodate the large size balls. This creates an exceptionally safe area to roll.

Toys

• Hedgehogs are like small children in that they can turn ordinary household items into a favorite toy.
• One must carefully inspect every cage addition (or play item) for small detachable parts and sharp edges the same way you would for a young child.
• Like children, hedgehogs seem to prefer bright colors but your hedgehog may have no color preference at all.
• Many hedgehogs like to push, pull, drag, and climb on a variety of different objects.

Toilet Paper Tubes

• A toilet paper tube is one of the cheapest and most popular hedgehog toys.
• Hedgehogs can look as if they are in a panic to get the tube off their head as they thrash wildly about their cage. When the tube is taken off they will go right back at it and do it again and again. Hedgehog enthusiasts often refer to this as "tubing".
• Occasionally a hedgehog will ram its head so far down the tube that its head will get stuck.
• To prevent this problem you can cut the tube length ways before giving it to your hedgie. Some owners cut the tube in half width ways as well.
• The cut will prevent breathing problems and it will come off more easily for your hedgehog.
• Many hedgehog owners make their own tubes out of plastic craft foam. This allows for a little wider tube, which is less likely to get stuck.
• We had one hedgehog that loved to chase plastic cat balls around with the tube on its head. He would corral the ball and work it into its food dish. After the task was accomplished he would lie down and go to sleep!
• If your hedgie likes to chew the cardboard, or you have need of a more rugged tubing material, craft foam sheets come in bright colors and you can hot glue the ends together to make a tube any size you wish. If your hedgie should get stuck, you can tear the foam apart along the seam.

Small Plastic Balls

• Many hedgehogs love to play with ping-pong balls, lattice birds, cat balls, or small balls with bells inside.
• Make sure the balls are sturdy and not easily chewed or damaged.
• Another version of the plastic ball is a ferret treat ball. As the hedgie pushes around the ball a treat will come out.
• Again, some hedgehogs may ignore the balls and others will enjoy shoving them around with a tube.
• Becca Loane , hedgehog breeder and popular hedgehog article author, suggests hanging a small ball from the cage for the hedgehog to bat around.
• One Florida breeder had cat balls that had holes in them. The hedgehog used the upper jaw and lower jaw and put its mouth right into the holes to pick up the ball. It got stuck and caused a cut under the chin. It kind of became imbedded under the chin. It was infected and she had to take it to the vet. We now recommend the cat balls with tiny holes.

Stuffed Animals

• Some hedgehogs are known to have taken a special liking to stuffed animal friends.
• We recommend human, cat or dog stuffed animals the same size as your hedgehog or smaller.
• Even though hedgehogs aren't likely to chew, make sure that the stuffed animals do not have eyes or other parts that could fall off or be chewed off and become choking hazards. Loose threads can also be a significant danger.
• Your hedgehog may simply ignore the stuffed animal or you may see your hedgehog snuggling with it in its hedgehog hideout as if it is a companion or baby.
• Be sure to wash or replace soiled stuffed animals.
• Small Beanie Babies (similar to the ones you would find in a McDonald's Happy Meal), are also a favorite. Many hedgies will treat their "baby" like a pal, grooming it, taking it to the food bowl, sleeping with it, etc. (Steph Hyne article)

Cars and Trucks

• Your hedgehog might enjoy pushing a small plastic car or truck around its cage.
• Make sure the vehicle has no detachable parts or sharp edges that could harm or injure your hedgie.
• Sand box or toddler toys are often good truck options.
• Dump trucks might also be a fun option as the hedgehog takes up the challenge of climbing in the back.

Leather and Rawhide

• Hedgehogs often have an affinity for old shoes and other leather.
• Slip-on-shoes are a great place for hedgies to explore! Be careful of gifts they might leave behind the next time you go to put on your shoe.
• Leather or rawhide puppy chew toys may be a fun treat for your pet.
• There are some concerns that leather may be hard on a hedgehog's teeth if it is fascinated with chewing.

Other Options

• In her article "…and More Toys" Gillian Homes states she had two hedgehogs that liked to chew on the soft rubber of baby bottle nipples. She would find them under her hedgehogs' blankets with the nipple by their side.
• Holmes also indicated that her hedgehogs liked to drag around catnip and lavender filled sachets.

Get Inventive!

• Be creative and try out things that wouldn't ordinarily be considered a "toy."
• As long as your item cannot pose a choking hazard and can in no way harm your hedgehog, give it a try!
• A clay flowerpot placed on its side can provide a "cave" for your hedgehog as well as to help wear down the front claws.

My Hedgehog Hates Toys

• Some hedgehogs may appear to ignore or hate their toys. Keep in mind hedgehogs are nocturnal and can be very secretive so they may be playing with their toys and you aren't seeing them.
• One way to encourage your hedgehog to play is to hide some of their favorite treats or pieces of food throughout the cage.
• Be creative and try new things!

Hedgehogs Are Great Entertainment for Us!

• Hedgehog toys are not only a good idea for your hedgehog but they are a good idea for you.
• We have found that the more owners spend time with their pets and invest in their pets the more they enjoy them.
• Spoiled pets are not only happy pets but their owners tend to be happier with their pets.
• Hedgehogs are quite amusing in their antics so get involved and find out how much fun you can have with your prickly friend!

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Water Bottles

• Water bottles are one of the most popular methods of offering fresh, clean water to small mammals including hedgehogs.
• The tip of the water bottle should hang at your hedgehog's shoulder height.
• We encourage you to always monitor your hedgehogs to make sure they are drinking freely from their bottle.
• Online pet accessory stores carry inexpensive bottlebrushes that will help keep the bottle clean. Baby bottlebrushes will also fit in many traditional water bottles.
• Both glass and plastic bottles are available. Glass bottles are typically used for chinchillas and lab animals and are much more difficult to find than plastic bottles.
• Water bottles should be dumped, washed and refilled at least every other day.

Advantages of Bottles

• Water bottles are typically less messy than dishes especially if using bedding other than cage liners.
• Water bottles are easy to clean.
• They typically mount on the side of the cage so that there is more floor space available for the hedgehog.
• Water bottles come in a variety of shapes and styles and are relatively inexpensive.
• It is easier to monitor how much water your hedgehog is actually drinking with a water bottle as opposed to water being spilt out of a water bowl.

Disadvantages of Bottles

• The water bottle should be checked every day to ensure the bottle is working properly and not plugged with bits of bedding or other debris.
• You may consider switching to a water bowl if you notice your hedgehog chewing or jerking on the metal tip of the water bottle. A hedgehog can damage their teeth on the tip of the bottle.
• We have heard reports that plastic bottles should be replaced after one year of use because toxins can leach out as the bottles age. I personally have not reviewed this report but replacing bottles on a regular basis is a simple and relatively inexpensive safety precaution.
• There are reports of hedgehogs getting their tongues stuck in the tips of water bottles with damage to the point of tongue amputations. However, in thirteen years of breeding hedgehogs we have never had experience with this hedgehog misfortune.

Leaky Bottles

• Most bottles will leak until a vacuum is established within the bottle. (Ginger)
• According to information provided by Ginger Manufacturing: for best results fill your water bottle with water that is slightly warmer than room temperature.
• Invert the bottle and touch the ball tip a few times to release enough water to establish a vacuum.
• If you fill your water bottle with cold water, it will continue to drip until the water reaches room temperature and establishes a vacuum. Occasional drips will occur while the water inside adjusts to higher room temperature changes. (Ginger).
• Do NOT place your animal or water bottle in direct sunlight.
• Your water bottle is likely to drain if the tip is allowed to maintain contact with the bedding material, the side of the cage, or anything else within the cage.

Water Bottle Hangers

• Our water bottles fit inside hangers that are attached inside the cage.
• The hanger is sturdy, the water bottle is not easily pushed out of the hanger, and the hanger is not easily knocked off the cage if attached properly.
• Our experience with the "U" shaped wire clips (that are often included in the package with the bottle) is that they are not well suited for hedgehogs or their cages.
• This type of hanger either doesn't allow the bottle to hang low enough in the cage or it is knocked off easily.

Water Bowls

• Baby hedgehogs or hedgehogs that have difficulty using a bottle may do better with a water bowl.
• Some hedgehog owners prefer using glass or stainless steel bowls for drinking.
• Hedgehogs may be able to get more water faster from a bowl than from a water bottle.
• Water bowls will need to be checked frequently to make sure they are clean and full.
• Wood or paper bedding can make quite a mess in water bowls.
• Hedgehogs lap water from the edge of a pool of water in the wild. A hedgehog needs to put its long snout down into a bowl to drink. This can present a problem for your hedgie because it can aspirate on the water (inhale water through its nose into its lungs). (Martin).

Bowl Tips

• Food dishes should be heavy enough that they are not easily tipped and large enough to keep bedding from contaminating the food.
• We recommend the four-inch crock style food dish.
• One suggestion to prevent bedding from getting into the bowl is to put the bowl atop of a large garden stone (properly disinfected of course). The stone will also naturally help to wear down the hedgehog's nails and give additional exercise and stimulation. (Bartel).

Types of Bowls

Crocks

• Crocks are the most common food and water dish in the pet industry.
• The heavy ceramic crocks are preferred to the lightweight plastic crocks because they are not as easily tipped and used as a toy.
• We sometimes use the 2 1/2" to 3" size crocks for babies and for treats. The larger 4" crocks seem to work better for adult hedgehogs.
• The 4" crocks help to prevent bedding from contaminating the food.
• Crocks can be easily sterilized in the dishwasher or sink.
• In the past, many crocks that had a blue glaze inside contained a lead base glaze. Current production standards for many companies no longer allow lead in glazes used for pet products. However, if you are in doubt about the safety of your crocks, many other options are available.
• Always replace the crocks if the interior glaze is chipped or any part of the crock itself is chipped.
• The Bartel family gave us a great tip for keeping hedgehogs from tipping their crocks. They glue the crock to a piece of ceramic flooring tile. The tiles are inexpensive, easy to clean, and can be discarded with the crock if one should break. Choose a tile that has smooth edges rather than one that has sharp sides that could injure your pet.

Human Dishes

• The advantage of using human grade dishes is that they are guaranteed to be safe for pets.
• Some pet owners use small 3" ramekin dishes for their pets.
• The restaurant style hard plastic ramekins are easy to clean and will not break.
• Dessert bowls or small cooking dishes are similar in size to 4" crocks but they may not be as heavy as crocks and can be easily tipped.

Reptile Dishes

• This style of dish is sold for reptiles but it has low sides, which is especially nice for young hedgehogs.
• The corner dish fits nice and tight into an aquarium, which saves limited floor space.
• The dishes are relatively heavy and not easily tipped.
• Some hedgehogs may choose to use this dish as a litter pan because it is easy for them to climb in and out of the dish.
• They have a rough texture and may be a little more difficult to clean than dishes with smooth surfaces.
• This style of dish is also quite costly.

Coop-Cups

• This style of dish is sold for birds, rabbits, or other animals that are able to eat up off the ground.
• Brackets attach the cup or dish to the sides of the wire cage.
• This type of dish will require giving your hedgehog a boost up to the appropriate height. The garden stone mentioned above will work quite nicely.
• One concern with using this type of dish is that boosting your hedgehog up to the wire level of the cage may encourage climbing which is not always a good idea.
• Refer to our Behavioral Characteristics guide for more information about hedgehog's agility and climbing abilities.

Switching from Bottle to Bowl or Bowl to Bottle

• If you decide to switch your hedgie's water receptacle, try offering both types (bottle and bowl) for several days. You should never just switch them to a new and foreign way of drinking without being 100% sure that they have learned to drink from the new source.
• Hang the bottle over the water dish to entice drinking of both receptacles.
• Be patient and give plenty of time for your hedgehog to get the hang of the bottle or bowl.
• Keep in mind that once a hedgehog is used to one or the other, it may be difficult for it to make the switch.

Regardless of the type of dish you use, you will want to wash and disinfect it on a regular basis!

References:
Ginger Manufacturing Information
Bartel, Laura; Laura's Little Hedgehogs.

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A Common Problem

• Wheels can have a tendency to cause hedgehogs to forget all about using the litter pan.
• Some considerate hedgehogs will stop wheeling and hang their little tail end off the wheel to do their business – don't expect this from your pet.
• Some hedgehog owners place a litter pan directly under the wheel. This helps speed up cage cleaning time if most of the mess is contained in this area.
• Check out our Litter Pans and Litter Pan Training Article for lots more tips.

Wheel Liners

• One way to cut down on wheel mess is to line the wheel with Glad Press 'N' Seal. Each morning the liner can be peeled off for easy clean up. The Press 'N' Seal also provides better traction for slippery bucket wheels.
• A suggestion (from hedgehog-faq), states that you can check your local glass supply store for a sort of "sticky vinyl". It comes in sheets and can also be applied to the inside of the wheel. This can also aid in wheel clean-up time and provide better traction.

Poop Boots

• Be prepared to clean your hedgie's feet because some hedgehogs have a tendency to potty while wheeling and may develop what are lovingly referred to as "poop boots".
• Please refer to our Bathing Your Hedgehog guide for bath time tips and how to clean those dirty little feet.

Cleaning Wheels

• Almost all wheels, with the exception of the Cake Walk Wheel, need to be scrubbed.
• The simplest method is to take a stiff wire brush and scrub off as much of the dry matter as possible or rinse off the poop that isn't dry. Next, soak the running surface of the wheel only (avoid the bearings) and then scrub again with a stiff wire brush.

Training

• One of the best ways to discourage wheel pooping is to wait a couple of days after you take your hedgehog home before putting in its wheel.
• Allow your hedgehog some time to hopefully establish a litter pan routine. Wheeling and hedgehogs is comparable to potty training toddlers at the park. They are just having too much fun to stop and do their business in the right spot. It is simply easier to go on the run!
• Chances are if you are reading this article your hedgehog already has a problem. Don't be discouraged though. One of our customers, KW, started taking his hedgehog's wheel out at night and giving it back in the evening. After a few days the messes in the wheel quit!

Try A New Wheel

• My best suggestion for completely frustrated hedgie parents is to invest in a new wheel.
• The Cake Walk Wheel is available at www.hedgehogwheel.com and has been tested by hedgehogs literally around the world.
• This wheel won't cure the problem, but it sure will make clean up a lot easier!

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Wheel Overview

• Our Hedgehog Wheel article describes many of the health and entertainment/enrichment benefits from providing your hedgehog with a wheel.
• As with most good things there is a price and the price for providing your hedgehog a wheel is the risk of having to clean it!
• Many hedgehogs have so much fun running on the wheel that they simply do not take the time to get off the wheel to do their business.
• Allowing your hedgehog time to get accustomed to its cage and establish a toilet routine before placing its wheel in its cage may help prevent messy wheels but there is no guarantee.
• Some hedgehog owners have found that limiting wheel time to certain hours (such as before feeding) may also help keep wheels cleaner longer.

Why Messy Wheels Happen

• **This is the best explanation we've found. Taken from: http://wiki.hedgehogcentral.com/tiki-index.php?page=wheels#Pooping_on_the_Wheel on 9/8/10.
  • When a hedgehog runs it releases its bowels and urinary tract. By running the hedgehog is kick starting its metabolism and urgently needs to expel waste, much like a human does after a warm cup of coffee. When a hedgehog is running it believes it is leaving it's waste behind it and unlike a dog will not search for a place to go to the washroom. Hedgehogs on a wheel will release their bowels much like they do in the wild, but in this instance the hedgehog does not leave its feces behind, but continues to run through it.
  • With a hedgehog this is inevitable. Likely you will have to clean the wheel daily and provide your hedgehog with weekly footbaths in a shallow sink or on a damp cloth to get off the poopy boots

Wheel Design and Construction Material

• The wheel's design and construction material play an important role in how easy it is to clean the wheel.
• Some types of plastic, such as in the Cake Walk Wheel or the Carolina Storm wheel are much easier to clean than other types of plastic.
• Other wheels, such as the Giant or Wobust Wodent Wheel are very nice wheels, but they are more difficult to clean because of the way they are constructed.
• Wheels with a smooth surface may be wiped out whereas other wheels may need to be scrubbed.
• Depending on how messy your hedgehog wheel gets, it may be a worth the investment to experiment with different types of wheel and how easy they are to clean.

Wheel Liners

• Many hedgehog owners have found that lining a wheel with Glad Press'n Seal can save time cleaning up.
• Simply tear strips of Press'n Seal the width of the wheel to cover most of the surface. It will take two to three strips depending on the size of/type of your wheel.
• Over time some sticky residue may develop but a non-toxic degreaser or alcohol should take away the residue.
• On http://hedgehoghollow.com/faq/part4.html#5.6 we found another suggestion made by Nathan Tenny: If you live near a glass supply store, you'll find that they sell sheets of a sort of sticky vinyl---intended as masking for people who sandblast glass. The strips are noticeably easier to clean than the plain wheel. (9/8/10)

Scrubbing and Soaking

• The easiest poop to get off is fresh poop so a quick clean each morning may help prevent more scrubbing, soaking or spraying in the long run.
• It is pretty common to have to clean a wheel with dried on feces. The first thing we suggest is knocking off as much as possible with a stiff brush. Be careful not to scratch the surface of the wheel or it will be harder to clean in the future.
• Next, soak the wheel to make your final scrubbing easier. You can soak the wheel in plain soapy water or in a non-toxic disinfecting solution such as Chlorhexidine.
• Your soaking water my get quite dirty so a large dishpan or a tub large enough to fit your wheel might be handy so you can pour the dirty water down the toilet.
• Once your wheel has soaked, you are ready for your final scrubbing.
• Be careful soaking metal parts to bucket wheels or other wheels that use parts that are not stainless steel to prevent untimely rusting.
• Shelly, at Beach Bum Hedgies, has had great success taking her wheels outside and lining them up, squirting them down with a hose and letting them soak. After about 30 minutes of soaking they were ready to scrub with cleaner. After a final rinse the wheels were then ready to dry in the sun. She now has a portable dishwasher in her garage that washes all her hedgehog wheels and dishes! Yeah!! (Author's Note: We are jealous!!)

Spraying and Soaking

• Another way to clean and disinfect your wheels is to thoroughly spray your wheels first with white vinegar and then with hydrogen peroxide and let them soak.
• The combined action of the vinegar and peroxide has extremely effective disinfecting powers. Check out this article Vinegar and Hydrogen Peroxide a Disinfectants Copyright © March 1999 Judy Stouffer found here: http://www.michaelandjudystouffer.com/judy/articles/vinegar.htm
• Not only are both vinegar and hydrogen peroxide safe but they are also cheap and handy to have around the house!

Pressure Washing

• Some people prefer to pressure wash their wheels. Lori Keller, long-time hedgehog owner of multiple hedgehogs, likes to take a whole batch of her wheels to the car wash and clip them to the wall with the car mat holders. I am told her wheels come clean in no time at all ;-)
• One must be careful with too forceful of pressure while pressure washing so that the wheel isn't damaged with too high of pressure.
• The pressure may also blow away wheels that are not properly secured!

Summary

• Different people have found different methods more convenient or easy to use than others. Try different methods and see what works best for you.
• No matter what method you choose to clean your wheel, make sure your cleaning solution is non-toxic and that your wheel is thoroughly rinsed before returning it to your hedgehog's cage.
• Finally, keep in mind it is best to clean wheels on a regular basis than to wait until they are extremely dirty making the task more difficult and time consuming.

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